SIMPLE BIOSTATISTICS FOR MBBS, PG ENTRANCE AND USMLE

CONTENTS  

1  Introduction to Biostatistics
1.1     Meaning of Biostatistics
1.2     Sources of Medical Uncertainties
1.3     Role of Biostatistics in the Management of Medical Uncertainties
1.4     Biostatistics in Health Planning and Medical Research

2  Sources of Existing Medical Data
2.1     Health Information System
2.2     Patient’s Existing Records
2.3     Web-Based Resources
2.4     Government Records
2.5     Reports of Various Agencies

3 Designs to Generate New Data
3.1     Fundamentals of Designs
3.2     Designs for Collection of Descriptive Data: Sampling
3.3     Designs for Analytical Studies

4 Data Collection, their Types and Quality
4.1     Tools of Data Collection
4.2     Types of Data
4.3     Quality of Data

5  Measures of Morbidity and Mortality
5.1     Percentage, Rate and Ratio
5.2     Morbidity Indicators
5.3     Mortality Indicators
5.4     Crude and Standardized Death Rate
5.5     Expectation of Life

6 Measures of Fertility, Demography and Social Health
6.1     Fertility Indicators
6.2     Demography
6.3     Indicators of Social and Mental Health
 
7 Summarization of Medical Data
7.1     Tabular Representation
7.2     Graphical Representation
7.3     Summarizing Uncertainties: Probability
7.4     Numerical Summarization
7.5     Reference Range of Medical Parameters
 
8 Strength and Type of Relationship: Regression, Correlation and Association
8.1     Type of Relationship in Quantitative Measurements: Regression
8.2     Strength of Relationship between Quantitative Measurements: Correlation
8.3     Association between Qualitative Attributes: Relative Risk and Odds Ratio
8.4     Causal and Noncausal Relationships

9 Confidence Intervals
9.1     Point Estimation and Standard Error
9.2     Interval Estimation of Mean and Difference in Means
9.3     Interval Estimation of Proportion and Difference in Proportions
9.4     Sample Size in Estimation Setup
9.5     CI Like Interval for Quality Control in a Laboratory

10  Tests of Statistical Significance-I
10.1  Court Judgment, Hypothesis and Errors
10.2  General Principles of Statistical Tests
10.3  Student’s t-test
10.4  Outline of ANOVA F-test for More than Two Groups
 
11 Tests of Statistical Significance-II
11.1  Nonparametric Tests
11.2  Chi-square Test
11.3  Proportion Test
11.4  Medical Significance and Statistical Significance
 
Formula Sheet
Solutions to Exercises
Glossary
Appendix
Index